BOOK REVIEW: Neo-Nazi terrorism and Counter-Cultural Fascism
Posted on March 20, 2025
Stay informed and engaged with our dynamic news blog. Engage with our community through interactive discussions.
We have a new book review available! Click here to read Goddard Graves’ review of Spencer Sunshine’s Neo-Nazi terrorism and Counter-Cultural Fascism: The Origins and Afterlife of James Mason’s “Siege”. The review will be printed in the next issue of The Independent Scholar (TIS)..
Kathryn Burrows’ review of Patrick Hahn’s Obedience Pills: ADHD and the Medicalization of Childhood is now available to read here. The review will be published in the next issue of The Independent Scholar (TIS).
Our latest book review is now on line. Click here for Shelby Shapiro’s review of Costaguta’s Workers of the World Unite. The review will be published in the next issue of The Independent Scholar (TIS).
Our latest book review is now online! Shelby Shapiro reviews Einav Rabinovitch-Fox’s monograph Dressed for Freedom: The Fashionable Politics of American Feminism. Read all about it here.
Over the last few months no fewer than 17 scholars have been accepted for membership of NCIS. They hail from the USA, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Turkey. Welcome all!
Dr Thomas J. Buckholtz (USA) does research in two key areas: (1) innovation, leadership, skills development, and thinking and (2) cosmology and elementary particle physics. His background includes developing a grassroots energy utility innovation program, as well as serving as a commissioner in the United States General Services Administration. In this role as Co-chief Information Officer for the US Executive Branch, he led a $1-billion business unit. In his work in cosmology and elementary particle physics he holds the Bachelor of Mathematics from Caltech, and a Physics PhD from Berkeley. His contributions to society span aspects of research and development, business, government, education, information technology, IT business practices, not-for-profit organizations, startup enterprises, and the environment. He lives in Portola Valley, a town in California’s Silicon Valley. https://thomasjbuckholtz.wordpress.com/
Dr Patricia Camillo (SWITZERLAND) is a professor, researcher, and practitioner certified in women’s health and gerontology with a PhD in Nursing and Anthropology. She has done clinical work in varied settings, including hospitals, private offices, storefront clinics, and online in telehealth. Her patients include high-risk newborns and chronically ill elderly in both intensive care and primary care. Currently, living in Switzerland, she conducts ethnographic research focused on the role of culture in health in Bergen, Norway. Master Research Thesis: Qualitative women’s experiences with infertility (1982). Doctoral Thesis: An ethnography of older women’s experiences in primary healthcare (1997). She recently completed an autoethnography of her nursing career and she is currently working on an ethnography focused on the impact of culture on health in Bergen, Norway. http://www.NursingProfessor.com
Dr Vanessa Campanacho (UNITED KINGDOM) holds a PhD from the University of Sheffield. Her research interests primarily lie in ageing, human osteology, paleopathological analysis, the history of anthropology, and ethics surrounding the creation and study of anthropological collections. She is interested in the field of age-at-death estimation, especially in understanding confounding factors and effects of aging on bone metamorphosis in adults. Similarly, in the context of documented skeleton collections and non-human primates, she has researched aging of immature individuals, pathological manifestations on the skeleton, three-dimensional scanning, curation procedures, and ethics. https://sites.google.com/site/vanessacampanacho/
Dr Amy L. Collins (USA) is a research psychologist and certified yoga instructor focused on relationships among the aging, health and psychological well-being. She holds a PhD in Developmental Psychology from Boston College and was a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Office of Population Research at Princeton University. She was an American Association of Retired Persons Scholar and a Science & Technology Policy Graduate Fellow at the National Academies of Science. Her dissertation research examines the relationship between daily activities and emotional experience in older adults. As a postdoctoral researcher she led several studies on how cognitive and emotional evaluations of life-like levels of life satisfaction, optimism, and perceived social status related to morbidity and mortality. Her current research focuses on the benefits of non-sleep, rest and restorative yoga.
Dr Vesselin G. Gueorguiev (USA) is a distinguished physicist with a PhD in Nuclear Physics from Louisiana State University. Currently, he is an affiliated researcher at the Institute for Advanced Physical Studies in Sofia, Bulgaria, the Ronin Institute and National Coalition of Independent Scholars (NCIS) in the USA. His research explores fundamental interactions in nature, focusing on dark energy and dark matter phenomena through the Scale Invariant Vacuum (SIV) paradigm and Reparametrization Invariant Scaling Symmetry (RISS). He has published over 70 papers and has more than 1k citations. Dr Gueorguiev is an accomplished educator, contributing to physics curricula worldwide. Currently, he is pursuing entrepreneurship, as well as serving as a scientific mentor via the Quantum Open Source Foundation and with involvement in the SCORE (Service Corps of Retired Engineers) organization in the USA. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vesselin-Gueorguiev-2
Dr Zachary Harris (USA/TURKEY) holds a PhD in Mathematics from the National University of Singapore. In 2012, his work exposing a Google email verification bug was featured on the front page of Wired, an online magazine. He has successfully pursued a cybersecurity career with Hewlett Packard. Currently, he applies his analytical background to theology research. His recent publication in De Gruyter’s Open Theology journal addresses a famous interpretive problem from the apocalyptic book of Revelation by interweaving mathematics with Jewish/Rabbinic hermeneutics and patristic Christian exegetical history.
Maria Kaj (USA) She holds a Masters in History [from where?] and has written several history books. She pivoted from a lengthy business career into a second act as a writer, lecturer, and historian. Her Master’s Thesis: Using the pen of goodness: Accounting and culture in the late medieval world (May 2024), won the University Thesis Award at California State University, East Bay. Currently she writes a not-for-profit blog, works part-time supporting online economic-themed classes, and lectures frequently. Her key research areas: women’s sports and Olympics history, and accounting and economic history of the medieval era. https://kajmeister.com
Steven Kolins (USA) holds a Bachelor of Science degree with double majors in physics and philosophy and double minors in math and psychology. As a practitioner of the Baha’i Faith, he received a Master of Science degree with a minor in education from the University of North Carolina at Raleigh and a Master of Science degree with a minor in education. Married, since 1996 he has worked in computer tech and public education. Currently, his work involves computer communications and contributing scholarly materials on the Baha’i Faith. Future research: African American newspaper publishers/chief editors of the 20th century who were Baha’is. https://www.youtube.com/@smkolins
Dr Frederick Kuttner (USA) holds the MBA and a PhD in physics from University of California at Santa Cruz. His key interests include doing research to solve statistical mechanics problems. He has developed business startups, travelled extensively in Asia, and continues to publish on the foundations and implications of quantum mechanics. Following retirement from teaching he obtained a professional degree to practice counselling in psychology and psychotherapy. Currently, he continues research on quantum physics. https://quantumenigma.com
Dr Chrissi McCarthy (UNITED KINGDOM) is a recognised expert in the field of Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI), with a strong academic foundation that informs her applied work. Her PhD research focuses on behavioural equality, fairness, and inclusion, offering examinations of barriers affecting workplace diversity and inclusion. This research has not only contributed valuable insights to academic discussions but has also been practically applied to create effective EDI strategies across a range of sectors. Dr McCarthy’s work translates complex theoretical concepts into practical solutions. Her academic contributions include publications that explore how behavioural science can inform more equitable practices within organisations and she has presented her research at various conferences, furthering the understanding of how to create more inclusive work environments. https://www.thecobe.co.uk
Dr Dina Mirijanian (USA) gained her Ph.D. in theoretical chemistry in 2008 from the University of Utah, where she used molecular dynamics to study complex systems in disparate length and time scales. From 2007 – 2009, she did a postdoc at Sandia National Laboratories, using coarse-grained lipid models and molecular dynamics simulations to study the molecular mechanism of vesical fusion. From 2009–2012, she was the Foundry Multifacility Postdoctoral Fellow at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Molecular Foundry, where she developed an atomistic forcefield for peptide polymers. From 2013-2016, she did a postdoc at Brandeis University’s physics department, working on understanding the molecular mechanisms of protein allostery. From 2017-2023, she worked as a City Research Scientist for the New York City government. She is now an independent researcher based in Clarkston, MI. https://www.linkedin.com/in/dinamirijanian/
Paul M. Parobek (USA) is a doctoral candidate writing a thesis on American foreign policy towards Cuba and Latin America in the Early Progressive Era, circa 1890s-1910s. He plans to publish his doctoral thesis into a manuscript and several articles. Both the bachelor’s and master’s degrees in history and international politics were earned in Europe, thus imbuing him with international educational experience. He has obtained Highest Honors in his second Master’s degree, served as peer reviewer for two history articles, and judge for the High School Essay Contest for the Cleveland City Club.
Dr Alicia Powell (USA) holds an EdD in Organizational Leadership. Her research interests include educational leadership, educational technology, and literacy instruction and policy. She has created professional development sessions for teachers that focus on literacy and technology. Her research emphasizes technology leadership of school principals and assistive technologies in higher education. Currently, she serves as a literacy instructional coach and adjunct professor.
Brian Schrader (USA) is a software developer, writer, and musician from San Diego, California. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from San Diego State University’s College of Engineering. His work includes biomedical research and in the wider software industry as a software architect, developer, and consultant. He is interested in developing models of real-world chaotic systems as well as in the evolution religious and scientific thought beginning in the classical Roman period up to the development of the modern scientific method in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. https://brianschrader.com
Will Soper (USA) is a former journalist and former graphic artist whose work has spanned over 20 years’ research in nineteenth-century US/Central American history, foreign policy and law. In 2007 he began researching the 1854 US Navy razing of Greytown, a Central American port. Officially explained as avenging “an insult to the American Minister to Nicaragua,” his research discovered instead that two US businesses inveigled Washington into destroying the town. He wrote a peer-reviewed journal article in 2017 revealing this, an op-ed in 2018, and a 2023 book, entitled ‘Greytown is no more!’ The 1854 Razing of a Central American Port, the U.S. Businesses Behind Its Demise, and the Lasting Foreign Policy Legacy. https://will-soper.com
Dr Melissa Sterry (UNITED KINGDOM) is a multiple award-winning design scientist, systems theorist, transdisciplinary designer, and serial founder with a PhD from University of Greenwich. Her research includes building architectural, urban, and peri-urban resilience to wildfires through the mimicry of plants that evolved to live with fire. She is a chartered scientist with the Science Council, Fellow at the Institute of Science and Technology, Design Research Society, and the Royal Society of Arts. She is also a member of the Design Council Expert Network and the founder of the biofuturism and bioinnovation agency Bioratorium®, its lab Labioratorium®, and of biodesign for the built environment consultancy Bionic City®. https://www.melissasterry.com/
Dr Richard M. Thomas (USA) is an accomplished educator specializing in elementary and secondary educational leadership and professional development. He has significantly contributed to the field through his research and teaching, impacting students at multiple levels and subjects. He is committed to fostering positive change through his dedication to service and mentorship. He envisions the transformative power of online education at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and continues to inspire and guide future educators.
Following 5 months of deliberations, the results of the 2024 Elizabeth Eisenstein Essay Prize have been announced.
The 2024 Eisenstein Committee, chaired by Dr Joan Cunningham have unanimously selected Mary Ann Irwin as First Prize winner of this year’s contest for her paper “Women with Hearts” and the Americanization of Jewish San Francisco, 1850–1880, Pacific Historical Review (2023) 92 (4): 538–575. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.4.538. Dr Irwin gains not only the kudos of winning the Prize, but also an honorarium of 350 US dollars.
Scoring for this award is based on clarity of argument, writing style, contribution to the field, and, very importantly, accessibility to the educated non-specialist reader, and the winning submission was scored very highly in all criteria by all committee members.
This year, two submissions were tied for Runner-up:
Kate Burrows’ The History and Present of Hearing Aid and Cochlear Implant Advertising, Advertising & Society Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1353/asr.2023.a905721, and
Christine De Matos’ The Home as a Space for Re-education: Imperialism, Military Occupation, and Housekeeping Manuals, The International History Review, 46(3), 291-311. Jan 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2024.2303978.
Congratulations to all of them!
We are delighted to report that Phillip Reid, maritime historian and NCIS Board member has been elected as Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. Congratulations Phillip!
https://royalhistsoc.org/
We’re pleased to welcome more scholars to the NCIS fold. They have all been awarded Full Membership of NCIS in the last month. Welcome one and all!
FULL MEMBERSHIP
Dr Malika Bouchez-Zacria (FRANCE) graduated in veterinary medicine but her enduring interest in ecosystems, wildlife and global health led her to take a PhD in epidemiology. A desire to understand the links between all living things (including pathogens) and transmission are the driving forces behind her work. She has recently focused on Usutu virus and its transmission among bird populations (more specifically blackbirds) in France. For this project, she is collaborating with the ecologists and statisticians who carried out the analysis, as well as several other scientists and veterinarians. She is also involved in coordinating a report on the surveillance programme for bovine tuberculosis in wildlife in France.
Dr Pen Lister (MALTA) is a former Lecturer in Multimedia and Senior Lecturer in e-Learning (2006-2015), returning as Associate Lecturer in Digital Media (2019-2020) at London Metropolitan University, UK. Since 2020 she has been an invited presenter in the Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions track at the HCI Conference. She has a PhD in emerging technologies and informal urban learning, an MA in Learning & Teaching in HE, an MSc in Multimedia Systems, and is FHEA and MBCS (UK). After working on an Erasmus+ project, she now visit-lectures in TEL at the University of Malta and supervises Masters dissertations at the Institute for Education, Malta. Her research interests include smart learning, civic learning, semantic web and UX in digital contexts.
Dr Anna Weissman (USA) is a social historian with a doctorate from the University of Florida, and 12 years of experience in advanced curriculum development as an instructor through the University of Florida and Santa Fe College. Weissman has published with OUP, Routledge, and in several peer-reviewed academic journals on reproductive rights, sexuality, gender, and nationalism. Her research interests also include the history of the home and domestic technologies, American decorative arts, and the politics of menstruation. Anna has spent the last six years in public history, and has worked in a variety of institutions including historic houses, special collections at the University of Florida, and the Smithsonian National Museum of American History. She is currently the Associate Curator of Domestic Life at the State History Museum of Colorado (History Colorado) in Denver.
Dr Daniel Wise (USA) received his PhD in Religious Studies from the University of Virginia in 2021. His dissertation focused on 21st-century American ghost hunters with the central goal of offering insight into the types of alternative spiritual or “paranormal” beliefs that have managed to thrive during the recent period of rapid religious disaffiliation. His research interests are paranormal belief in America, contemporary American religious landscape, history of psychical research, religious liberalism, and religion in modernity. Daniel currently lives in Austin, TX with his wife and two cats.
Dr Emmanuela Yeo (FRANCE) earned a PhD in Home Economics & Nutrition Sciences from the University of Giessen (Germany). Her research at the Center for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU) focused on the nutritional and social impact of microfinancial loans among displaced populations. She also worked on infant feeding in the context of HIV. Her research interests range across the fields of nutrition, impact evaluation, family studies, resilience, sustainable finance, education, environment, culture and history.
FULL MEMBERSHIP
Dr. John Botke (USA) holds a PhD in Particle Physics from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Botke is developing a new model of cosmology that answers many of the outstanding questions resulting from the standard model of cosmology. Botke has served as a peer-reviewer for multiple publications and has a solid scientific background and experience in scientific writing and editing. Botke’s expertise in microscopy, botany, and molecular biology and my experience working in diverse international research environments has honed my creativity and adaptability. The most recent co-authored publication can be found in Plant Systematics and Evolution.
Dr. Lizzy Brewster (Netherlands) holds a MD and PhD and is a Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology (FESC). Brewster is a Surinamese medical specialist in global cardiovascular population health, based in the Netherlands. She works to improve global cardiovascular health of underserved population groups and to address cultural, economic, and geographic barriers to healthcare. She is the author of several book chapters and more than 120 papers on cardiovascular disease published in international, peer-reviewed journals. She is a member of professional organizations including the Society for Healthcare Professionals with Disabilities. Lizzy is the mother and caregiver of a warm-hearted and generous-spirited home-schooled son with complex needs.
Natalie Cohen (USA) holds a Masters in Public Administration from New York University and is founder and President of National Municipal Research, an independent consulting and research company focused on U.S. state and local government finance. She publishes at The Public Purse. A seasoned analyst, writer and speaker, she started her career at New York City OMB, has worked at a rating agency, in bond insurance, reinsurance, a bank and is known for her published work on municipal bond defaults. She was recognized by the Bond Buyer as a “Trailblazer” and has received “Career Achievement” awards from Smith’s Research and Gradings and the National Federation of Municipal Analysts, NFMA. Cohen has an MPA from NYU’s Wagner School of Public Service and a BA from Hampshire College in Amherst, MA.
August Darbonne (USA) has gained a unique worldview from his upbringing in a multicultural family and the diverse city of New Orleans. A learner and scholar at heart, he received his B.A. and M.A. in History from the University of New Orleans. He is currently pursuing a Doctorate of Education from the Xavier University of Louisiana. Darbonne currently works as a Social Studies teacher in Dallas, Texas. His research covers history/social studies education and cultural issues in the United States educational system.
Rachel Huber (France) is an Independent Researcher and French translator whose interdisciplinary approach to cultural studies, digital studies and critical race theory interrogates networked spaces, surveillance, brandscapes and the intersections between the virtual and the material. Huber’s work focuses on memory, placemaking and contemporary representations of French identity through the lens of French luxury and fashion. Huber holds a Masters in Global Communications completed at the American University of Paris. Huber’s most recent contribution is a 2023 chapter to the book “Fallen Monuments and Contested Memorials.” I have just presented my paper “Hashtag Orangerie, Hashtag Paris: Withering Water Lilies and Blooming Aura Within Instagram Representations of Claude Monet’s Nymphéas.”
Ponn P. Mahayosnand (Palestine) holds a Master’s in Public Health and has three main research interests: 1) Gaza Public Health Reform 2) theory/concept of health reform, and 3) Prophetic Medicine Islam & Health. Mahayosnand has publications on topics related to E-mentoring and Remote Research primarily with marginalized groups of female scholars professionally. Under the name Ponn M. Sabra quoted works can be found on various news outlets: CNN, US News & Money Report, USA Today, TIME, Associated Press, PBS, Hartford Courant, New Haven Register, ABC News, numerous international and local Muslim news outlets.
Dr. Alex Maltsev (USA) earned a PhD in Biophysics from Cornell University, with research focused on studying protein structure using solution NMR spectroscopy. This was followed by a postdoctoral fellowship at National Institutes of Health, in the lab of Ad Bax, utilizing NMR to study intrinsically disordered protein alpha-synuclein. Maltsev then made a career pivot and is currently a senior software engineer at Google. Maltsev is looking to contribute to research related to a variety of environmental issues.
Dr. Ainara Mancebo (South Africa) holds a PhD in Political Science and Public Administration from the UNED University (Spain). Currently Ainara works as an independent scholar and public affairs consultant from South Africa. Her current research portfolio addresses the challenges of democratic consolidation, state-building and the sustainability of party competition. Her work focuses on party behavior engaged in the process of institutional design and the legislative capacity to influence the exercise of executive power. Ainara’s research can be found in indexed publications such as the Journal of Legislative Studies, Politikon, Insight On Africa, etc.
Dr. Heather Maughan (Canada) holds a PhD in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology from the University of Arizona is a biologist whose research and writing focuses on the evolution and ecology of bacteria and their viruses. After finishing her postdoctoral research, Heather moved to a farm in Ontario, Canada, where she operates a freelance writing, editing, and microbiology consultant business. She is also researching content for a book about the ecology and evolution of bacteria and their viruses.
Dr. Bart H. McGuyer (USA) earned a Ph.D. in experimental atomic, molecular, & optical physics from Princeton University and completed postdoctoral work at Columbia University. Bart’s academic research focuses on atoms and molecules in vapor cells or at ultracold temperatures to make better atomic clocks and more precise measurements. Currently, Bart works for Amazon on Project Kuiper’s Optical Inter Satellite Link team. Additional scholarly interests include applied physics, electronic circuits, and educational demonstrations.
Dr. Elaine L.P. Nunes (Portugal) is interested in plant morphology, floral anatomy, development, and evolution. Nunes completed her PhD in Brazil (UNESP, FAPESP fellowship, 2014), did a post-doctorate in Germany (Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship, 2016-2017) and a 3-month research fellowship in the Netherlands (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Martin Fellowship, 2018). Since October 2020, and she dedicated herself exclusively to the family until August 2021, wherein Nunes has been collaborating with her former research groups and consulting on diverse themes in life sciences.
Dr. Laura Plybon (USA) received an MA in Child and Developmental Psychology from Sarah Lawrence College and a MS and PhD in Experimental Developmental Psychology from Virginia Commonwealth University. Dr. Plybon has a success consulting business, acting as statistics consultant for a police personality assessment firm and as a dissertation mentor, providing writing and analysis guidance for doctoral students in diverse fields. Dr. Plybon’s research interests are African American psychology, with a focus on body image, and police psychology.
Dr. Silvia Sanduleanu-Dascalescu (Netherlands) holds a MD and PhD and is a clinical scientist and academic educator with international experience in the prevention, endoscopic diagnosis and resection of early cancer. Her team’s research significantly contributed to deciphering the clinico-molecular signature of flat colorectal neoplasms and their role in carcinogenesis. She has led the Expert Group ‘Right-sided lesions and interval cancer’ of the CRC Screening Committee of the World Endoscopy Organization to standardize the nomenclature for interval cancers and has worked tirelessly to disseminate strategies on improving the quality and effectiveness of CRC screening. Current active efforts are focused on development and implementation of 21st century educational methods to optimize the quality and effectiveness of teaching.
Robert Spinelli (USA) is a librarian and archivist working at Cheekwood Estate & Gardens in Nashville, TN. Prior to this role, he has worked in special collections and as the sole librarian at various colleges in the area. Mr. Spinelli holds an MA (Philosophy) and an MS (Information Sciences. He has presented at conferences speaking about conspiracy theories and its connections with religion and social media and has co-presented on African American funerary traditions. Other research interests include death traditions, cultural memory and digital methods of memorialization.
Dr. Cheryl Sundberg (USA) holds a doctorate in curriculum and instruction with a specialty in science education from the University of Alabama. Sundberg taught high school chemistry (regular, AP, and International Baccalaureate) and physics, science education courses (secondary and elementary), technology education courses, and college chemistry (introduction and freshman). Currently, Sundberg works as a temporary, part-time adjunct instructor in a small university teaching chemistry to pre-nursing students. Current research interests include creating and field-testing online modules for chemistry courses, including laboratory courses; developing and field-testing online chemistry laboratory modules using safe and ubiquitous materials; teacher professional development using webinars and other Web 3.0 tools; preparing and field-testing instructional units and books using emerging technologies; and using ubiquitous tools like cell phones in science instruction for data collection/analysis tools.
Dr. Robert Trumbull (USA) is an independent scholar based in Seattle. He holds a PhD in the History of Consciousness from the University of California, Santa Cruz, with specialization in 20th-century and contemporary Continental philosophy. A specialist of deconstruction and psychoanalysis, his work has appeared in Philosophy Today, Derrida Today, Journal of Speculative Philosophy, and Symposium. His monograph, From Life to Survival: Derrida, Freud, and the Future of Deconstruction, was published in 2022 by Fordham University Press.
Roy Zheng (USA) earned a Master of Science in Computer Science from the University of Southern California. His field of research which received coverage by The Conversation is in the fields of VR, cybersecurity, and AI. He has almost a decade of experience building complex and large-scale software systems at companies including Amazon Web Services, EAT Club, and 23andMe working in roles spanning software security, DevOps, and full stack.
ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP
Dr. Jeremy Benson (USA) holds a PhD in Computer Science from the University of New Mexico and is a Computer Scientist with experience in realizing applied artificial intelligence solutions in cloud environments. Benson’s research and development expertise is in applied artificial intelligence programs for distributed and cloud computing scenarios, particularly for medical device data. Benson’s most recent co-authored publication can be found in Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering.
Nathan Fox (Canada) Since 2007, Fox’s research has focused on developing a model of cognition that explains a particular range of volitional behaviors. These behaviors are systematically irrational (i.e., inconsistent with the evidence) and sometimes harmful to others, or they involve competing motivations. This work consistently assumes that the primary cognitive mechanisms mediating these behaviors have evolved and were maintained due to natural selection, adapting to both diverse and variable environments conditions.
The first article to pass peer review for Vol. 11 of The Independent Scholar is now online as a preprint. The final version (with page numbers) will be published in the forthcoming issue. Read it here!